Vaginal discharge is something that every woman naturally has.
But when its “color, odor, or amount” changes,
that may be a sign of an abnormality that should be evaluated.

In gynecology clinics, many patients come to see a doctor because of vaginal discharge.
This is especially common among working-age women who are stressed, not getting enough rest, and experiencing hormonal changes.

At Femily Wellness Clinic Ari, we have found that
abnormal vaginal discharge is one of the top 3 concerns among women undergoing a pelvic exam.

What kind of discharge is considered normal?

Normal vaginal discharge typically has these characteristics:

• Clear or slightly cloudy white

• No foul odor

• No itching or burning

• Amount changes throughout the menstrual cycle

From a physiological standpoint, vaginal discharge comes from secretions of glands in the cervix and vagina.
It helps protect against infection and maintain the balance of microorganisms in the vagina.

Signs of “abnormal vaginal discharge”

You should have a pelvic exam if you have any of the following symptoms:

• Yellow, green, gray, or blood-tinged discharge

• A strong foul odor

• Itching, burning, or lower abdominal pain

• Thick discharge that looks like cheese

• Symptoms accompanied by abnormal bleeding

Common causes of abnormal vaginal discharge

1. Yeast infection (Candida)

• Thick white discharge, like curdled milk

• Severe itching

• Often occurs after taking antibiotics or when immunity is reduced

2. Bacterial Vaginosis

• Gray discharge

• Fishy odor

• Often related to an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina

3. Trichomoniasis

• Green or yellow

• Frothy

• May be associated with a sexually transmitted infection

4. Cervicitis

• Blood-tinged discharge

• Lower abdominal pain

• May be associated with gonorrhea or Chlamydia

Clinical Perspective

In my experience caring for real patients,
many women buy vaginal suppositories on their own without a diagnosis.

The problem is that
the symptoms of yeast and bacterial infections can sometimes look similar.
Using the wrong treatment may make the condition chronic.

Getting the correct diagnosis from the start
can greatly reduce recurrence.

When should you see a doctor right away?

• Blood-tinged vaginal discharge

• Severe lower abdominal pain

• Fever

• Pregnancy with abnormal symptoms

• Symptoms do not improve after self-treatment

This is especially important during pregnancy,
as some infections may increase the risk of preterm birth.

How to prevent abnormal vaginal discharge

• Use condoms when there is a risk of exposure

• Avoid douching

• Do not use vaginal suppositories unless necessary

• Choose breathable underwear

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Do I need to avoid sex before the exam?

You should avoid sex for 24 hours before the exam to ensure accurate results.

If I do not have itching, but the odor is strong, do I still need to get checked?

Yes. You should get checked because it may be Bacterial Vaginosis, which sometimes does not cause itching.

Summary

Abnormal vaginal discharge is not a minor issue.
Although many cases are easy to treat,
getting the correct diagnosis is the most important step.

If you have abnormal symptoms,
you should be evaluated by a gynecology specialist.

Written by

Dr. Wichdet Wichchulada
Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Currently pursuing a subspecialty in Maternal-Fetal Medicine at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital

Research published in the International Journal of Transgender Health

References

1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Vaginitis in Nonpregnant Patients.

2. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections.

3. Williams Obstetrics, 26th Edition.

4. Novak's Gynecology, 16th Edition.